ABSTRACT
Introduction: Osteoporosis is a serious health concern thataffects millions of people around the world. Especiallyosteoporosis in postmenopausal women is one of the majorpublic health concerns growing worldwide. In order to preventosteoporosis there is a need to understand its risk factors. Sothe present study is designed to assess and compare the riskfactors of osteoporosis among women and BMD at lumbarspine and femur neck in premenopausal and postmenopausalwomen.Materials and Methods: This hospital based prospectivestudy was conducted on 350 women aged 30-65 years referredto the department of Radio diagnosis for Dexa scan assuspected cases of osteoporosis form various outpatientdepartment. The data collected was evaluated usingstandardized statistical methods in order to derive a logicalconclusion i.e. mean, standard deviation and Pearson Chisquare test.Results: A highly significant difference was observed b/w twogroups in age, weight, BMI, WC, HC, BMDLS, LS T &Z score,FNBMD, FN T & Z score of normal and low BMD group ofPostmenopausal group. A highly significant difference wasobserved b/w two groups in Age, weight, BMI, Waistcircumference, Hip circumference, BMD Lumbar, Lumbar spineT score & Lumbar spine Z score, BMD Femur neck, Femurneck T score & Femur neck Z score of normal and low BMDgroup of Postmenopausal group.Conclusion: Based on the result of our study we conclude thatpostmenopausal women with older age, Low socioeconomicstatus and with low level of physical activity were at higher riskof low BMD. Body mass index found to be positively associatedwith Bone mineral density in postmenopausal women onlywhereas negative correlation was found with age in both preand postmenopausal women.
ABSTRACT
Background: Dimensional relationship between bodysegments and stature has been the focus of scientists for manyyears. Therefore, prediction of stature from cranial remains isvital in establishing the identity of an unknown individual. Thepresent study was conducted to predict cephalic phenotype bymeasuring cephalic index and to study the correlation betweencephalic phenotype ad cephalic index.Materials and Methods: In this prospective observationalstudy 600 patients attending in the Outpatient department ofmedical, dental and other college’s students of age group 21-25 years in various colleges at Jaipur, India were selected forthe study. Data regarding Head length and Head breadth wascollected. A complete physical examination was carried out.The data collected was compiled, tabulated, analyzed andsubjected to statistical tests. Analysis was done using SPSS.Results: In the present study total sample size was 600 inwhich 300 were male and 300 were female. Mean age offemales was found to be 22.82 and mean age of males wasfound to be 22.96. In our study age group selected was 21 to25 years where 21 were the minimum age found in our studyand 25 being the maximum. In present study result showedthat of the Dolicocephalic Male was 7.66%, Mesocephalic Malewas 82 %, Brachycephalic Male was 10.33%. DolicocephalicFemale 25 was 8.33%, Mesocephalic Female was 84 %,Brachycephalic Female was 7.66% ,Dolicocephalic (Male &female) was 8%, Mesocephalic (Male & female) was 83 %,Brachycephalic (Male & female) 54 was. 9% .Significantdifference was observed in cephalic index between males andfemales.Conclusion: Our study concluded that cephalic index showedsignificant difference.
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Back ground: Awareness regarding varied and detailedmorphological and morphometric features of mental foramen isof pivotal importance for orthodontists, cosmetic andreconstructive surgeons etc. for avoidance of any inadvertenttrauma, post-surgical neurovascular complications andmorbidity.Aim: To study gender based differences in variousmorphological and morph metric features of mental foramen.Method: In this study we have selected 800 patients. Thepresent study was carried out on CBCT scans procured fromthe Dental Hospitals in Jaipur, Rajasthan. A detailed study ofmorphometric features of mental foramen along with otherparameters of the mandible was carried out on the coronal,axial and sagittal views of CBCT scans using “CS 3D Imagingv3.5.7”. Patients were divided in groups based on age.Results: No significant relationships between age and genderof the patients (p>0.05) and position of mental foramen on theright and left side. MF-S to be significantly longer in males ascompared to females in Group I whereas in Group III, MF-Swas significantly more in males than females on both the sides(p<0.001).Conclusion: Position 6 is considered to be the least commonposition
ABSTRACT
Background: Cardio-vascular disease is a major contributor to the global burden of disease among the non-communicable diseases. Obesity- the condition of excess of body fat has been known to be associated with increase in cardio vascular disease. To obtain a reasonable estimation of body-fat distribution, several anthropometric parameters have been proposed, such as subcutaneous skinfolds and body circumferences. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the relationship of skin fold measurements and CVD and thus to predict and facilitate screening of the disease risk in study population. Methods: A total of 100 male patients, with recently diagnosed cardio vascular disease, in age group of 35-55 years were included as subjects for the study. Four skin fold measurements (over Biceps, Triceps, Subscapular and Supra-iliacal) were taken using skin fold measuring calipers. Results: Values of central skin folds i.e. Subscapular and Supra-iliacal were found to be higher than the peripheral skin folds i.e. Biceps and Triceps in each group, thus showing Subscapular and Supra-iliacal are positively linked to cardiovascular disease whereas Biceps and Triceps have negative relation with cardiovascular disease. Conclusion: Central fat mass can be recognized as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and metabolic disease as well as overall mortality. Skinfold measurement is sensitive marker of cardiovascular risk. Measurement of these parameters may help to identify individuals with adverse concentrations of lipids and other risk factors. These persons could then targeted for weight reduction and risk-factor surveillance.